Modelling the end-use performance of alternative fuel properties in flex-fuel vehicles

Renewable fuels and fuel-optimized engines play a key role in the time- cost-effective decarbonization of current mobility. The present work introduces state-of-the-art mathematical model that allows for first time an accurate estimation fuel consumption flex-fuel vehicle by considering impact most significant properties exclusively. These are optimized to higher concentration non-drop-in such as E85. Based on literature data, matrix was built with multiple independent variables response variable. A multilinear regression quantitative analysis applied develop FFVs. turned out be octane sensitivity, vapor pressure, lower heating value, density. All final have unique important consumption, secured extremely low p-values (P ≪ 1 %). reached very high accuracy represented R-Square 0.994, which into 1.41 % average absolute error internal validation only 1.9 external validation. study shows all alternative cases, vehicles performed better economy than standard spark-ignition light-duty vehicles. Moreover, alcohol blends reduce energy well tank-to-wheel CO2 emissions despite their consumption. developed can estimations FFVs from single chemical compounds commercial products including new blends.